Innovation

"For a long time, we believed that construction materials were homogenous. However, by working at the microscopic level, we have come to realize that they are highly complex and extremely heterogeneous. Today, we use the latest techniques to obtain precious information about the microstructure of materials. Research now occurs at the nano-scale. The challenges this presents are enormous."

P. J. M. Monteiro, Head of Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Materials at the University of California at Berkeley.

Concrete is difficult to work with because its particles are mutually attracted upon contact with water. Its inherent firmness and viscosity is especially problematic when a high-quality finish is required.

Superplasticizers enhance concrete's fluidity without adding water. These molecules physically separate the cement grains by neutralizing their force of attraction. The concrete thus remains fluid for over 2 hours and is easier to use, more resistant and longer lasting.

Water that fails to evaporate while concrete is setting creates porosities, which can cause fissures and weaken the finished material. Granular stacking improves concrete's compactness and resistance by reducing porosity.

The technique replaces part of the water normally used to make concrete with fine and ultrafine grains that fill the spaces between larger grains. The result is a more fluid concrete that is more compact when it sets. The smaller pores resist weathering influences better (e.g. water, air, CO2), increasing concrete's mechanical characteristics and durability.